Politics of Nigeria

Lore & Background

Nigerian politics take place within a framework of a federal and presidential republic and a representative democracy, in which the president holds executive power. Legislative power is held by the federal government and the two chambers of the legislature: the House of Representatives and the Senate. Together, they form the National Assembly, which serves as a check on the executive arm of government. The constitution also provides for division of power between the federal government and the states, and protection of individual liberties.

Reader's Guide

The political system of Nigeria is significant for its constitutional separation of powers among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, aiming to prevent past governmental mistakes. The president, elected through universal suffrage, serves as head of state and government, commander-in-chief of the armed forces, and is limited to two four-year terms. The National Assembly, comprising the Senate and House of Representatives, holds legislative power and accountability functions. Nigeria's legal system blends English common law, customary law, and Sharia law, reflecting its colonial history and diverse cultural influences.

Did You Know?

• The National Assembly consists of two chambers: the Senate and the House of Representatives.
• The president must include at least one member from each of the 36 states in his cabinet.
• Nigeria's legal system includes English common law, customary law, and Sharia law.
• The Economist Intelligence Unit rated Nigeria a 'hybrid regime' in 2019.