Politics of Russia
Russia's political system evolved from Soviet rule to a strong presidency.
The politics of Russia function within the framework of a federal semi-presidential republic, as established by the Constitution of Russia. The President is head of state, and executive power is exercised by the government headed by the Prime Minister, who is appointed by the President with parliamentary approval. Legislative power is vested in the two houses of the Federal Assembly.
- government_type
- Federal semi-presidential republic
- head_of_state
- President of Russia
- head_of_government
- Prime Minister
- legislature
- Federal Assembly (two houses)
Lore & Background
With the new constitution and a parliament representing diverse parties, Russia's political structure showed signs of stabilization. As the transition extended into the mid-1990s, national government power waned as regions gained concessions from Moscow. However, with the election of Vladimir Putin in the 2000 Presidential Elections, reforms to strengthen federal control were implemented, rolling back regional power gains, including in the 22 Republics. Putin became the leading figure of Russia's political system, starting economic reform and strong foreign involvement, becoming the longest Russian leader in power after Stalin. His policies are called Putinism.
Reader's Guide
The politics of Russia reflect a turbulent transition from Soviet governance to a semi-presidential republic. Under Putin, federal power was reasserted over the regions, reversing earlier decentralization. The system remains defined by a strong executive, a multi-party framework, and the president's ability to issue legally binding by-laws. Russia's political evolution—from the Soviet inheritance through Yeltsin's reforms to Putin's long tenure—illustrates the challenges of building stable democratic institutions amid competing visions of governance. The legacy includes ongoing tension between central authority and regional autonomy, as well as the enduring influence of the president as the dominant political actor.
Did You Know?
- Vladimir Putin, elected in 2000, became the longest-serving Russian leader since Stalin.
- Under Putin, reforms rolled back regional power gains, including in the 22 Republics.
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